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COPYRIQHT 1885 



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IDEAL VIEW UP THE AMERICAN RAPIDS A 





THE VILLAGE SHORE AND BATH ISLAND ARE RESTORED 



Free -Niagara 



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.^^, JlHi^Q 



MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP& ■ CO., PUBLISHERS, 

ART-PRINTING WORKS, 

Office , of iim; . " Bi ilAi.o. Morning . Express," 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 



\ 



"THE 



E TEXT of this work was written and compiled by 



James W. Greene, of the " Buffalo Morning Express." 



T^HE PAPER used for the inside of this book was made 'T'HE INK for this work was made especially by the Buffalo 
especially for it by S. D. Warren St Co., Boston Printing Ink Works. Buffalo, N. Y 



4^ 



4. 4. 4, 4, 



'X'HE COVER is piinted on paper made especially by T^HE PRESS on which this book was printed is the New 

Hollingsworth & Whitney Company. Boston Stop Cylinder made by C. B. Cotlrell 8c Sons, New-York. . 




Copyright. 1885, by 
MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP & CO., BUFFALO, N, Y, 





N a report to the Legislature of 1880 the Commissioners of the )/ 
State Surve\' used these words: "Within certain limits at 
Niagara there are probabl)' a larger number of distinct and rare 
qualities of beaut)', in combinations of rock, foliage, mist, sk\- and 
water, than in any other equal space of the earth's surface, and 



dth< 



j-h the ijortje of the river for miles below is very interestint 



and the broad, smooth water about the Rapids, with its low shores, 
is an important feature of a marvelous landscajjc effect, the 
grounds of attraction in these more distant parts being more nearly paralleled 
elsewhere, the distinctive interest of Niagara, as compared with that of other 
attractive scenerj-, is remarkabh' circumscribed and concentrated." 

These matchless CDnditions, so forcibly displa^-cd b\- the Commissioners, 
must be held to be the most important factor in making Free Niagara a 
possibilit)'. Once con\inced that the purchase of a narrow neck of land would 
assure them control of the most beautifid region ever seen b)' man in his 
waking hours, the pe<iplc of New-A'ork were not long in deciding to ratif)' the 
bargain. 

The princi[)le enunciated b\- the Director of the .Sur\e_\- in a coinnnniica- 
tion to the same Legislature is forcibly ilhistraled in this \-iew : " It is now a 
clearly recognized duty of governments to reserve from sale parts of the public 
domain that constitute natural features of such unusual character as to be 
objects of interest to the whole world, and whose perfection ma\- be seriously 
marred by prix-ate ownership. I'"i\e eni<iymenl of these noblest works of 
nature is now felt to be one of man's most precious pri\ileges, not to be 




lO 











abridged b}- private rights or greed for gain. Acting on this principle, the 
General Government in 1865 dispossessed settlers in the Yosemite Valley, and 
reser\-ed it for the benefit of the public. A great tract covering the region of 
the Yellowstone Ge\'sers has also been designated as a National Park, and now 
the land occupied b\- the California Big Trees is dedicated to public use. The 
^ State of New-York also has taken a similar position respecting the beautiful 
islands of Lake George." 

If more sordid arguments were needed to induce the people to exercise 

their right of eminent domain over Niagara, they were found in a report 

addressed to the Legislature, as follows: '"There can be few intelligent 

citizens of New-York who are not aware from personal observation that a large 

and rapidly augmenting revenue is flowing into all its channels of 

business and into the public treasury, because of the attractions which 

the people of other States and countries find in the scenery of the 

Hudson, the Mohawk, the Susquehanna, the Delaware and the Genesee; 

of Lake Champlain, Lake George and numerous smaller bodies of 

water Niagara Falls is not simph- the crowning glory of the 

great resources of the State of this class, but the highest distinction of 

the nation and of the continent The private land ownership 

and individual enterprise, which elsewhere work favorably to the interests 
of the State, by aiding the purpose of travelers, at Niagara stand in its 

way The pecuniary loss from this evil to the people of the 

State is incalculably greater than the outlay which would be required to carry 
out the scheme proposed and bring it to an end." 

Sentiment and self-interest worked together to make Free Niagara an 
accomplished fact. 

E\'er)' one who writes of Niagara, of necessity begins with Father 

ennepin. This is, because that romancing chronicler of the New-World 

'\ journeyings of the Sieur de la Salle began the story of Niagara, whose won- 

^ ders he depicted in a (for him) surprisingly moderate and just way. Perhaps 

the holy influence of Niagara Jiad not left the worthy Pere when he wrote in 

Holland the chapters of his "New Discover)-," which tell how, "betwixt 

the Lakes Ontario and Erie, there is a vast and prodigious cadence of water 

which falls down after a surprising and astonishing manner ;" or, more probable 

still, he thought the slightly-varnished truth about the Great Cataract's wonders 

would prove the best romance in .Se\-enteenth-Century estimation. However 

that may be, it is a curious fact that the first historian of the region found a 

public use for it. He urged the erection of forts on the river to divert the 

Indian fur traders from New-York to Canada. Before Hennepin's time, 

Jacques Cartier had heard of the Falls, but he ne\'er \'isited them. 

In 1805, the brothers Porter — Judge Augustus and General Peter B. — 
made their purchase from the State of four lots in the Mile Strip, l}'ing both 




I I 



above and below the l-"alls. A few years later the)- bought up Samuel Sher- 
wood's "soldier scrip," which called for 200 acres of unapijropri.ited land 
anywhere in the State, and located their "float" on the Goat Island group. 
Gen. Whitney built the first hotel in 1815. Niagara was even then, in a quiet 
way, becoming a world's resort, though comparatively young men can remem- 
ber when the country round about was unbroken wilderness. A carriage road 
down the bank to the Canadian ferry was made in 1829, so perhaps that date 
may be assigned for the evolution of the hackman. But the early custodians 
of the Cataract must not be judged by some generations of their successors. 
The Golden Age of Niagara has been thus pleasingly described by an old 
resident: "Some forty years ago, and for many years thereafter, Niagara was, 
emphatically, a pleasant and attractive watering-place; the town was quiet, 
the accommodations were comfortable; the people were kind, considerate and 
attenti\-e; guides were ci\il, intelligent and truthful; coii\-e)'ances were good, 
and were in charge of careful and respectful attendants; commissions were 
unknown; 'scalping' was left to the Indians; nobody was annoyed or impor- 
tuned ; the flowers bloomeil, the birds caroled, the full-leaved trees furnished 
refreshing shade, and the air was balmw Then the lowing of cows in the 
street, the guttural note of the swine, and the voice of the solicitor were not 
heard. Elderly people came to stay for pleasant recreation and quiet enjoy- 
ment ; younger people to ' bill and coo ' and dance." This is the testimonj' of 
Mr. George W. HoIIey, of Niagara Falls. 

But, writing only two years ago, Mr. Holley added: "Now all that is 
changed. A contemporary writer once described the moral status of a famous 
stock-jobbing localitj' b)- sa\'ing that ' ten thousand a \-ear is the Sermon on the 
Mount for Wall Street.' The same gospel is popular at Niagara." The goose 
that laid the golden egg was once again killed by the same old wrong-headed 
desire on the part of its keepers to realize the entire Pactolian harvest at once. 
Niagara ceased to be a fashionable resort; then it was no longer a popular 
resort ; and, not a great many years after the dry-rot had begun to work, " they" 
even ceased to go thither on " Their Wedding-Journey." Hence the justness of 
the remark made by the Commissioners of the State Survey in 1880, that Niagara 
had no summer po[niIatiiin, and that at no other notable pleasure resort of 
Europe or America was the stay of travelers so short. Niagara became known 
as one of Nature's beauty spots for which man had done too much. 

In the next stage of its career, indigenous man, baulked of his accustomed 
subsidies from sight-seeing man, began to take his tolls for the loving care he had 
bestowed upon it from the great Cataract itself. There were mills at Niagara 
when the region was still a Mecca for the tourist; but they became numerous 
and offensive only after the hotel-clerk grew accustomed to flashing his diamond 
across deserted corridors, and the charioteer went for days at a stretch without 
tasting blood. During the period of prosperit}-, too, caravansaries and bazaars 





12 







had begun to close in on the cic\oted ri\er with their unlo\-el\- structures, and, 
of course, every coign of \-antage had its toll-gate. After the flow of summer 
travel was diverted, grants of "water pri\ileges" became more common, 
and the lordly Niagara shortU' found itself degraded to turning mill-wheels for 
paper-manufacturers and flour-makers. Just as if tliere were not hundreds of 
streams in the world that cmild turn wheels, and as if there were more than 
one Niagara! 

There is a series of heliotj'pe prints extant, prepared from piiotographic 
negatives taken b\- l\Ir. George Barker, of Niagara Falls, which shows better 
than an_\- words can what the river became under this riX'/wr'. One of these 
plates exhibits the disfigured banks on the village shore of the Upper Ameri- 
can Falls. The natural setting of trees and shrubs is gone, and the Rapids find 
themsel\-es hemmed in and obtruded upon by the wooden piazza of a "bazaar" 
and the mock-Grecian rear eIe\ations of a hotel. Few who knew Bath Island 
in its better estate can look upon the faithful reproduction of its mill-ridden 
latter condition without a shudder. Contrast these examples of desecration 
w ith the natur^d banks that still remain, and with Mr. (_)lmsted's idealization of 
the restored American Rapids, ■•'" and the raisoii d'etre of the Free Niagara 
mo\cment and its success is at once seen. 

In the summer of 1878, Lucius Robinson, then Governor of New-York, 
had a casual con\'ersation with Lord Dufferin, who was at that time Gm'ernor- 
General of Canada, which he deemed so important that, in the following 
January, he embodied its purport in his annual message to the Legislature. 
Lord Dufferin in this interview reiterated \iews that had been cropping out in 
periodical and newspaper literature for a decade previous, that had been expressed 
b}- many distinguished visitors to the Flails during that interval, and that were 
(]uite generally shared in by old and public-spirited residents of Western Nevv- 
\'ork : That an international park, enclosing a suitable space on each side of 
the river from which all the anno)'ances and \'exations w hich were giving rise 
to so much complaint should be remo\-ed, was the only sahation of Niagara. 
.Subsequentl)', and before Gov. Robinson's message was transmitted to the 
Legislature, Lord Dufferin called the attention of the Government of Ontario 
to the matter, and recommended cooperation with New-York. (jov. Robin- 
son's message suggested that in case a Commission was appointed from Ontario, 
New-York should create a corresponding and cooperating botly. Ihe Cum- 
missioners of the .State Sur\-e\' constituteil the Commission named. By joint 
resolution nf the Legislature of 1879 they were "directed to enquire, consider 
and report what, if any, measures it may be expedient for the State to adopt 
for carrying out the suggestions contained in the annual message ot the 
Governor, with respect to Niagara I'alls." The Commissioners were also 



* See frontispiece. 



authorized to confer with aii)- simihir persons representing tlie Dominion of 
Canada or the Province of Ontario, "making a similar enquiry or contemplat- 
ing measures for a simihir purpose." 

The Commissioners' report was transmitted to the Legislature on March 
22, 1880, by Horatio Seymour, President of the Board, and was signed by Com- 
missioners William A. Wheeler, Robert S. Hale, William Dorsheimer, h'rancis 
A. Stout, George Geddes and F. A. P. liarnard. They stated that in carry- 
ing out the direction of the Legislature, the_\- had instructed Mr. James T.'= 
Ciardiner, Director of the Survey, to examine and report to them on such 
a project as was contemplated by the Legislature, and had associated with 
liim Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape architect. The Commis- 
sioners endorsed all that Messrs. Gardiner and Olmsted had to say, and stated 
that in the previous September the Hoard had held a conference with the 
members of the Ministry of the Province of Ontario, when a feeling was 
disclosed which justified the belief that Canada would meet New-York fully 
half-wa\-. As appears by the remarks of Messrs. Ohnsted and Gardiner, 
appended to the Commissioners' report, they examined the Canadian as 
well as the American shore of the river. Mr. Olmsted's notes were mainly 
on the jesthetics of Niagara and the despite the Philistines were doing them. 
The Director recommended the taking of Goat and its sister islets (Bath 
Island to be restored by planting), and a strip of land on the river front of 
Niagara Falls \'illage a mile long and widening from 100 feet at the head of 
the Rapids to 800 feet broad at the Falls, and from which the village should 
be "planted out." The final appraisement followed these lines very closel_\-, 
though the tract located by the .second Commission is rather smaller than 
that recommended by the Director. Mr. Gardiner's suggestion that the right 
to plant trees on the edge of the cliff below the Suspension Bridge be obtained 
from the Hydraulic Canal owners, has not been adopted. 

Gov. Cornell .sent to the Legislature with the report of the Commissioners 
of the .State Survey a remarkable memorial asking for the enfranchisement of 
Niagara, which had been addressed in duplicate to the Governor-General of 
Canada and the Go\-ernor of New-York by about 600 of the most eminent men 
of tlie United .States. Canada and Great Britain. Among the signers of the 
memorial were Vice-President Wheeler, the entire bench of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, Senators of the United States, an Admiral of the Navy, 
Members of Congress, Members of the British and Canadian Parliaments, 
Prof. .^L^x Miiller, .Sir John Lvdjbock, Thomas Carl_\'le, John Ruskin, Emerson, 
Longfellow, Whittier. Lowell, Holmes, Palfrey, Parkman, Agassiz, Charles 
I'rancis Adams, Cardinal McCloske)-, Bi.shops Paddock, Clark, Niles, McNeir- 
ney, Doane and Co.xe, artists, college presidents, army officers, State officials, 
and merchant princes. 

A bill designed to carry out the Commissioners' recommendations was at 




"1' 



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14 






B) p 



once introduced, and passed the Assembl)-, but died in the Senate because not 
reported till the fat^-end of the session. Xias^ara seemin<^dy had no friends in 
the Legishiture of 1 88 1, for though the Park bill was re-introduced, no effort 
was made to secure its passage. The session of 1882 passed without a move 
toward emancipation. In the fall of that year the citizens took the work in 
charge. The first gun in the campaign, which closed only in \ictor\- two years 
and a half later, was fired at a private meeting held in the house of Mr. Howard 
Potter, in New-York City, on the evening of December 6th. Speeches were 
made by Messrs. Olmsted, Potter, Dorsheimer and others, and the outcome 
was a public meeting, held at Municipal Hall on January iith following. 
There was formed "The Niagara Falls Association," a body for whose efforts 
in behalf of Free Niagara the world owes much gratitude. Howard Potter 
was its first President. Among the Vice-Presidents were (ieorge William 
Curtis and Cornelius \'anderbilt. J. Hampden Robb, afterward a Commissioner 
of the State Reser\ation at Niagara, was chairman of the E.xecutive Committee, 
and drew a new bill, which was introduced into the Assembly b}- the Hon. 
Jacob F. Miller, of New-York, on Januar\- 30, 1883. The measure was advocated 
before the Committee on Ways and Means by Bishop Doane, Howard Potter, 
cx-Lieutenant-Gov. Dorsheimer and others, the opposition being represented 
by the attorneys of a single wood-pulp firm at the Falls. The bill passed the 
Assembly on the 14th of March, b\- 68 to 39. A number of Assemblj-men 
took occasion to show their sympath)' while the measure was on its final 
passage, the Hon. Thomas V. Welch, of Niagara Falls, in especial, bringing 
honor upon himself and credit to his constituency by his eloquence and earnest- 
ness. In the Senate there was opposition encountered. The oratorical giants 
of the Niagara Falls Association wrestled with the I-'inance Committee, only to be 
thrown. The bill was reported unfavorabh-, but the report was disagreed with, 
and the bill ordered to a third reading. Then the Association, after issuing an 
address to the people of the State, renewed the fight in open Senate. The bill 
was at no time a party measure, and " practical jjoliticians " and " doctrinaires " 
have been among its partisans. Petitions and memorials again came into play 
at this juncture. When the bill passed (April 18, 1883,) it was by a \-ote of 21 
to 10. It received Gov. Cleveland's signature on the 30th of April. 

The Commissioners provided for, as nominated by the Governor and con- 
firmed by the Senate, were: Messrs. William Dorsheimer, Andrew H. Green, 
J. Hampden Ruhh, Sherman S. Rogers and Martin B. Anderson. Mr. 
Dorsheimer was a lawyer and statesman and a native of the Niagara region, 
though a resident of New-York City. He had served the State as Lieutenant- 
Governor. Mr. Green hatl been Comptroller of New-York, and was versed in 
land \'alues. Mr. Robb, of New-York, had great experience in large business 
affairs and as a Senator in the State Legislature. Mr. Rogers represented 
Buffalo, and was an earl^ member of the Niagara Falls Association. He was 



MAI' OK 



f$W ip-i^^ AND VICINITY. 




RfaMAffwa. Horthmo A Co . Art-printing Works, Bujfafo. M. Y, 



19 



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also a leatlcr of the Erie Count}- 15ar and formerK' a member of the XcwA'ork 
Senate. Mr. Ander.son was tlie \-enerable and learned President of 
the University of Rochester. The three metropolitan members of U? 

the Commission were Democrats; the western members, Republi- -■ '^ ■•" 

cans. The\- all serve without pay, the term of office of each being 
five years. The Board met to organize, in Alban)-, on the 29th of 
Ma\-, when Dr. Anderson was made President, and Mr. Robb 
Treasurer and Secretary. The Commissioners found available a 
fund of $10,000 with which to carr)- out the object of their creation. 
The first meeting at Niagara began on the 9th of June. A 
resolution, adopted after a careful and detailed examination of the 
lands adjacent to the Falls, may be given entire : 

Jii-si'lvcd, That in the judgment of this Board it is desirable to select 
and locate as proper and necessary to be reserved for the purpose of 
preserving the scenery of the Falls of Niagara and of restoring the said 
scenery to its natural condition, the following lands situate in the Village 
of Niagara and the County of Niagara, to-wit : Goat Island, Bath Island, 
the Three Sisters, -Bird Island, Luna Island, Chapin Island, and the small 
islands adjacent to said islands in the Niagara River, and the bed of 
said river between said islands and the main land of the State of New- ,, 
York ; and, also, the bed of said river between Goat Island and the '^ ^ 
Canadian boundary; also, a strip of land beginning near "Port Day"^ 
in said village, running along the shore of said river, to and including • 
"Prospect Park" and the cliff and debris slope, under the same, 
substantially as shown by that part colored green on the map accom- 
panying the fourth report of the Board of Commissioners of the 
State Survey, dated March 22, 1880 ; and including, also, at the east 
end of said strip, sufficient land not exceeding one acre for 
purposes convenient to said reservation, and also including all 
lands at the foot of said falls, and all lands in said river adjoining 
said islands and the other lands hereiiibefore described. 

The Commissioners were represented in these and 
subsequent proceedings b_\' Mr. Ansley Wilco.x, of the 
law firm of ,\llen, Movius & Wilco.x, Buffalo, attorneys 
for the Board. The interested property-owners haver^ 
been represented first and last by a great array of, 
eminent counsel. The ])etition for the appointment 
of Commissioners to appraise the lands selected was 
presented at a special term of the Supreme Court, 
held in Buffalo on the 2d of I-'ebruary, 1884. Justice 
Daniels, on the same day, named as Appraisers of the 
lands to be taken, the 1 bm. Matthew Hale, of Alban_\- ; 
the Hon. Luther R. Marsh, of Xew-Vork ; antl Mr. 



P#il 




./■"XTjoImo THE \ 

- -e^vE of"' 



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20 





Pascal P. Pratt, of Buffalo — two lawyers and one merchant. 
The Appraisers went very promptly to work, and as a result 
handed in a report awarding damages amounting in the aggre- 
gate to $1,433,429.50. The report was confirmed on the 27th 
of October by Justice Corlett. The Appraisers found it neces- 
^ sary to divide the condemned property into twenty-seven 
"cases," in which awards were made as follows: For parcels 
one and four comprising Goat, Luna, etc., with a portion of Bath 
Island, was paid $525,000, to the representati\'es of the Porter 
estate. The sum of $156,666 was paid into court for the portion 
of Bath Island occupied by the Niagara Falls Paper Manufactur- 
ing Compan)'. For the portion of the Cataract House included 
in parcels twent}--four and thirt\--one was awarded $110,600. 
Albert H. Porter received $2,001 and $31,070 for lots on Water 
and Canal Streets. Jane S. Townsend, for lots on Water and 
Canal Streets, received $12,638, $2,212 and $18,158.50. For 
Thomas Tugby's lots (the Goat Island Hotel propcrt)-) there 
was awarded $60,200. The Porter Pump lot brought $4,000. 
Albert H. Porter received $6,440 for lots on Canal Street, and 
the Witmer heirs $25,166 for the propert}' in parcel thirty- 
three. For the A. H. Porter homestead was paid $10,140, 
and that gentleman received $2,780 for a vacant lot on Buffalo 
Street. Other awards were: Solon M. N. Whitney, $9,500 ; 
Elizabeth J. Townsend, $11,000 and $2,070; Vincent M. Porter, $1,200, and 
Ethan H. Howard, mortgagee, $750 ; Jane S. Townsend, $3,600; Elizabeth 
P. Church, $6,333; Mary E. Daniels, mortgagee, $3,500; the Erie County 
Savings Bank, mortgagee, $8,000; heirs of Augustus S. Porter, $1,200; 
Josephine M. Porter, $6,520. On account of street property encroached 
upon, the Village and Town of Niagara and adjoining property-holders 
were given $5,835. The Prospect Park property brought $325,000. Hill & 
Murray, proprietors of the pulp mill, have appealed from the decision of the 
Appraisers. The award to them was $81,690. 

The most interesting and important legal question that the Appraisers 
were called upon to decide was as to the claim of the riparian owners to 
own to the Ji/iti// aquce or thread of the stream. It was claimed on their part 
that the cmnmon law doctrine as to fresh-water rivers api)lied to the Niagara, 
and that the propertj'-owners on the river-fronts should be awarded damages 
for the loss of water power consequent on the taking of lands in the bed of the 
river. 'I'herc were several minor points raised, but the main issue was as to 
whether the Niagara, in all its i)arts, was a nax'igable stream in the sense that 
an arm of the sea is navigable. The Appraisers held that it was such, and dis- 
allowed the claims. Two elaborate and learned opinions were rendered to 



•Aaij) or 

THE m\ 

(((& 



21 



this effect, by Appraiser Hale and Appraisers Marsh and Pratt. After the 
exckision of such chiims, the demands of the owners amounted to about 
$4,000,000 — a reduction of about $16,000,000 from the demands before the 
decision. As has been seen, the total actual awards amounted to but 
a little more than one-third of the former sum. 

The next and by far the most important step yet taken in the 
Niagara rescue work was to secure the ajipropriation b\- the Legis- 
lature of the moneys awarded by the Appraisers' report. It was 
shown by the newspapers which had favored the movement from the 
first, or had been converted to its support as the Park project took 
form, that the State was in condition to pa\' the million and a half, 
or less, asked for by the Appraisers without the taxpayers feeling that ; I'l 

their burdens had been materially added to. The entire $1,433,429.50, 
if spread on the tax-rolls for a single year, would necessitate an 
increase in the assessment on the taxable property of the State of Jess 
than one-half a mill in the dollar. But it was suggested — and this W|| /l 
was ultimately done — that the appropriation of the $433,429.50 would ft /«,P1! i', 
be sufficient for the first year (1885), and that the even million could i||/|||M'V^ ' 
be distributed over a series of years, and be secureil b\' bonds issued J fc/|;*V 
to the citizens whose lands had been taken. The Legislature was /if ImKW^ 
again petitioned and wrought with, and the appropriation was passed M 3^;'% 
toward the close of the session, in the month of April. As the Act ''yxll^jM^ 
creating the State Reservation at Niagara — chapter 336 of the Laws 
of 1883 — had provided that, in case the Legislature should fail - 

to make an appropriation to pa}- the owners for tiie lands which ■'- 
should be selected and located before April 30, 1885 — or two 
years after the date of the passage of the Act — all the proceed- 



ings should be void and of no effect, much anxiet)- was 
shown lest the bill fall between the stools of the Capitol and 
the Lxecuti\e Chamber. There were delays in engrossing 
and in transmitting the measure to the Governor, and it 
actually received his signature on the last day allowed by law. 
The suspense killed one or two incipient contests of 
awards which were expected, the claimants discovering, while 
the fate of the appropriation bill hung in doubt, that they 
were willing to sell their property to the State at the price 
offered. The people of Niagara Falls, in general, were -••*, 
higliK' pleased at the trium|)h cif ilu; I'ree Niagara mo\'e- X 
ment. The manufacturers and landed proprietors had been "^^ 
paid a fair price for their propertj-, and were satisfied. The '-y% 
hotel-keepers had, all along, seen in Free Niagara revived 
prosperity and increased patronage. Even the " rapacious 



/r 








':3 



the State Park will greatly 
enhance the popularity of 
Niagara there can be little 



As seen from Wesley Park. 



doubt. An Iiitemationnl I'ark would extend the prosperity to the entire 
rci,n'on. It is onl}' a question of brief time till Canada shall enclose the , 
most impusiiiL; natural feature's on her side of the ri\ er. Sur\e\-s for a [ r^ 
park are e\-en now bein^- maile by the IJominion (io\-ernment. It will 
be a proud and happy da\' for the two great peoples of the Western 
Continent w hen all Niagara shall be free. 

Se\-eral minor impro\-ements are already — at an early date in the 
summer of 1885 — springing up in the sunlight of h'ree Niagara, estab- 
lished and prospective. The Niagara Falls International Camp-meeting 
Association pro[)ose to make Wesley Park, on the Canadian side of the 
river, "the Chautauqua of Canaila." Another impro\ement belonging 
to the immediate future is a boule\-artl, or, more properl}-, a shaded 
dri\-e\\ay from Buffalo to Niagara, a stretch of twent)--two miles 
magnificent countr\-. 



THE OLD AXD THE NEW. 

"One ne\'er tires of Niagara," said a w hite-hairetl man, as he stood 
on Terrapin Ritcks, trying to point out to a companion the precise spot 
w here the old tower stood. " I doubt if custom could stale it if it were 
always the same ; but it possesses infinite variety. I have been a visitor 
to Niagara at intervals for many years, and at each return I see changes. 
The structural changes, which the cataracts are ever undergoing, are 
easily to be detected by otiiers than the geologists. Then, the shifting 
of the seasons \-aries not only the frame, but the picture. W'hile these 
woods are running almost the entire gamut of color in the course of the 
\-ear, the wate-rs they fringe are changing temper if not complexion nith 
them. Niagara ne\-er disappoints the pilgrim, anil ne\er palls upon her 
intimates." 

His companion, a )-ounger man, nodded a[jpreciali\'el\'. The\' ha 
been strangers ten minutes ])re\ious to this conversation, but Niagara 
had opened their hearts and loosened their tongues. Then, as the\- 
watched the amber of the ri\er as it emerges from the Rapids become 
cream in the abyss below the Horseshoe Fall, the }-ounger man tokl his 
senior of .Niagara's latest change of fortune. The graybeard had hean 
something in his distant home of the great popular movement in Neu- 
\'ork State to re|)iace the I'alls and their surroundings in tlie public 
tlomain, and the \-outh ga\-e him the details of the work which IkuI 
resulted in the formal establishment of "The State Reservation at 
Niagara." The old man being full of the traditions of the region, and 
the N'oung one somewhat versed in its more recent history, and both 
Niagara lovers, it so befell that the\- fountl mutual interest in following in 







24 



the footsteps of those Niagara-rescuers, the Park Commissioners and 
Appraisers. The time was after the appropriation bill had become law, and 
before " Prospect Park gate was tied back with a string," — to quote from a 
native's forecasting of the e\'ents of the best 15th of Jul)- New-York State 
ever saw. 

In order to begin at the beginning, the pair went east on the main street 
of Niagara Falls Village — ever and anon sa_\'ing a mild na}- to the philanthro- 
pists who offered to drive them "to all the points of interest for ten cents'" — 
almost to the corporation line. The Erie Railway Depot and Seventh Street 
are the only "jjoints of interest" lying easterly of Port Day, which the young 
man intimated tn his friend was one of the termini of the Reser\-ation. The 
veteran remembered that Port Day was the name given to the entrance to the 
hydraulic canal, which H. H. Day built to supply power to the mills. The 
pleasant riverside walk also ends here, and the Park territor_\- at this jjoint 
will permit the double dri\-eway, which it is proposed to construct, to receive 
a circular termination. 

The river-walk, or Ri\-er Street, pierces the midtlle of the strip of land 
which the Commissioners have taken in the \-illage, and which extends from 
Port Da_\' to Prospect Park, also a part of the Reser\-ation. The limits of this 
strip were laid out to coincide with a natural ridge or terrace which follows 
the bend of the shore at an average distance from the water through the 
greater part of its length of from one hundred to two hundred feet, certain 
modifications being made to conform to the lines of existing streets. 

Within this ridge are embraced all the points from which the Falls are 
\isible. The homestead of George W. HoUe}-. the historian of Niagara, 
which looks out upon the ri\er, near Port Da\-, will lose its doorsteps when 
the Commissioners' line is drawn. The same line marches over Mr. Peter A. 
Porter's lawn, and a dwelling on the bank owned by him will have to be razed. 
The proprietors of the Cataract House propose to compensate themselves for 
the loss of their kitchen b\' building a fine new front on the "strip." The 
"river parlors" of the Cataract House, a detached building by the margin 
where the Appraisers did their work, are wholly within the condemned line. 
The State of New-York will henceforth own the ground upon which stands 
the \illage's fine monument to its soldier-dead. Mill .Street will be closed by 
the taking of the acre strip, and the fate of another intersecting avenue is 
understood to be in the balance. Much of the mill property taken is situated 
between the proposed parkwa)' and the river, and the proceeds of the sale of 
the mill-machinery can be made the nucleus of a maintenance fund. 

The easterh- terminus of the Park is for practical purposes at the Suspen- 
sion Bridge. The lovely domain of Prospect Park is the people's. "This has 
been the most ])o]nilar feature of the speculators' Niagara — because the 
cheapest — and its fate as an adjunct of Free Niagara will have to be carefully 



25 




developed; it is, in a sense, 'made n-rouncl,' lias been filled with 'side-shows,' 
and contains one fine view of the American I-'all," remarked the Ljuidc to his 
companion, as they leaned over the parapet, trsint,' to guess at the identity of 
the rubber-clothed beings scrambling about on the rocks at the foot of the 
inclined railroad. 

"This noble tract of sixt\--one acres is all of the Park 
there remains for us to see," went on the young man, as the 
companions passed the Goat Island turn-stile. " I echo the 
wish of the guide-book compilers," said the other, " that its 
name ma\- be changed back to Iris Island. We .,, 

have only to pass this pulp-mill to find woods i "S~^ 

that are much as they were left when all things 
were looked upon b\- their Maker and pronounced good. 
This is owing to the intelligent conservatism of the Porter 
family, the patrons of the islets in the Goat group. I 
fancy that, once the general admission fee is paid, there 
are more good free views, here, than are to be found 
an_\where else about Niagara." The speaker and his 
hearer were by this time descending the ancient staircase 
which terminates in the foot-bridge to Luna Island, where 
during three quarters of the year it is a misty afternoon 
in October. The atmosphere of Goat Island, it may be 
remarked, seems to be a vast reservoir of ozone. Whether 
under sunshine in the open, or shadow in the thicket, the 
air is [Hire enough to be of use as a tonic. 

Presently the young man remarked: "If the melan- 
choly Jacques had chewed the cud of sweet and bitter 
fancy hereabouts, he would have found rare opportunities 
for ridding hiinself of moods forever. See, how you might 
step from this tuft of grass into yonder torrent, which 
comes tearing on between those wooded banks. In shore. 
the water seems almost placid, but look at it in the 
middle of the stream, ami think Imw two steps and one 
second of time would do it all. I hope the Com- 
missioners will build more parapets and better stair- 
ways. The latter, indeed, appear to ha\e had their 
constitutions undermined by the jack-knife attacks of 
the Xineteentii-Century tribes of theCioths and \'andals, 
who roam the world o\er to write their names across 
the faces of its hoi}- places. I wonder how man_\- limes 
John Smith has subscribed himself with kiiile, pencil or 
paint about this region ? Dr. Cureall has been liere, too." 



^>s i -^^- mm 



■mi. 



\ riern^tp/ of 
-the p#-- 




26 

p( •■ I supiiosc," bet^an the nther. reflectively istaniling now near tlie Ilorse- 

slioe I-"all ayain). " that no succeedini,' generation will appreciate Niagara as this 
one does or will do. Our children will know onl\- Free Niagara, and will not 
ha\-e the ])ersonal recollection of the Era of I-'ences to add zest to their enjoy- 
ment of the boon." 

The younger man laughed, and then said : " I hope that this generation 
isn't expecting too much of I-'ree Niagara, but I fear that it is. There are 
peiiplc who will accept the iin-itation to be guests at the ' opening of the Park' 
in a \er\- literal \\a\'. Without reflecting that the lands ha\e onl}' ]Kissed under 
the control of the Commission that very day, they will look, on the i 5th of Jul}-, 
to see something resembling the popular conception of a park." 

" Hut won't the hackman-abuse be done awa\- with ultimatel_\- ? " 
"It is gi\en unto man to hope. If the Commissioners are \'ested with the 
control of Falls Street, as there seems to be a very general desire in the \illage 
that the}- shall be, passengers from the railroad depots may be able to run the 
gauntlet with their lives — if the Commission's police happen to be near at 
hand. I'^ree Niagara is but in its infanc}-. l^ut the intelligence and [niblic 
spirit which have brought about what there is of Free Niagara, ma}- be 
trusted to order for the best most things in its after development." 




Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Vicinity, 

SHOWING 

Michigan Central Approaches. 



• Safety-Fund-Insurance - 



NIAGARA 



FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY 



135 BROADWAY, . NE^V-YORK. 



• • • • 



LOSSKS PAID SINCE ORGANIZATION 
^ • • TEN MILLION DOLLARS 



(.ASH CAI'IlAl.. ......... $500,000,00 

Outstanding Liabilities, ......... 247,168.72 

Re-insurance Reserve, ........ 802,656.24 

Net Surplus, .......... 324,210.01 

Total Assets, January i, 1885, $1,874,034.97 



A 



1.1, ■ l'(>l,l(ii;s ■ OF -IHIS COMl'.VW \\<V. ■ NOW ■ l.SSUEl.; • LiNDKR 
llli: M;\V-\0RK S-M'HTN • I'TNl) ■ l,.\W. 



PETER NOTMAN, Pres't. THOS. F. GOODRICH, Vice-Pres't. 

WEST POLLOCK, Secretary. GEO. C. HOWE, Ass't Sec'y- 



NewAbrk Central • • 
• • • & Hudson River 

THE ONLY FOUR-TRACK RAILROAD IN THE WORLD. 



The Only Line with Depot in the City of New -York. 

ALL LAID WITH HEAVY STEEL RAILS. 

T^HIS IS THE FAVORITE ROUTE ■ ■ ■ 
• • BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST. 



Sixty Miles the Shortest, and Eight to Twelve Hours the Qiiickest, 
between Boston, New England and the West. 

• • • WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING AND DRAWING-ROOM CARS • • • 
• • • ATTACHED TO ALL TRAINS. • ■ • 



• • • THROUGH CARS • • 



TO AND K K' O .M 



St. Louis, Indianapolis, (liica^o, Toledo, Detroit, Cleveland, IJnffalo, 
Niagara l-alls, New-York and Boston. 

NO ILXTRA CHARGE VIA NIAGARA FALIS. 

D. M. KI';NI)RirK, Ccn'i I'ass'r A.iient, 

Grand Ccniiiil Depot, Xciv - York. 




M ichigan ^ 

-=CENTML 



/■///•; \/j(;.iK.i FALLS Kiwn-:. 
■ EAST AND WEST • 



lU'NMNr. I'ALACK CARS_THROUGH 
U 11 lliir'l' CIIANCIK ni'VI'WKKN . .^. . 

• NEW-YORK • 

BOSTON ■ ALBANY • ■ ^ 
BUFFALO • NIAGARA FALLS 

Di^troit, Joli^do aF>d Ql^ieai^o. 

• DININOCARS. • 



'Plir Ml/Ml !/■ \V rl'Y'PIJ \T " wrilesCol. Donan in iheSl. U]uis5^«-/.ifor, "istli>:onlyrcal 'Niaijara KallsRoule'inlhccountry. 
1 lliv Alll llUlxViN LlllN 1 l\nL(, It is the only railroad that gives a salislaclory view of ihe Kails. Every train stops from five to ten 



indicates — a splendid point from which to view the 

of the Kails is in plain sifiht. Even if he is too ill or 

too lazy to Ret out of his car, every passenger can sec thc'liqu'id »onder of the world from the window or the philforni.^ This is die M^ich^gan Central's strooKest 



- --" - minutes at I-'alls \'ie\v, which is what the 

rcat cataract. It is right on the brink of the grand canyon, at the end of the llorseshr)e, and every 



hold on popular favor, its greatest advantage, its chief attraction. So long as the waters of that mighty river thunder down to the awful depths hcli> 

the rush and roar, the surge and foam, and prismatic spray of nature's cataractic masterpiece remain to delight and .iwe the human soul, thousands and tens of 

thousands of heauty-lovers and grandeur-worshipers will journey over the only railroad from which it can be seen, -rhcre is but one Niagara Kails on earth and 

hut one direct great railway to it." ........•■ • , • ^ ' ' '_ '_ \ ' 

running to Niagara Falls, Ont., and to Niagara Fal]s. N.JY. gunning directly by and in front of the FaHs ; stoppinEat 

Tew near the brink of the Horseshoe Kail, where the finest view is obtainable ; crossing the g orge below the F alls 

ous steel double-track Cantilever Uridgc ; .incrconnectini; in union depots at Suspcnsi.m liridge and liuffalo with the great four track New- Yor k Centra l. 



THE ONIJ_ROUTE'f;^^ 




li. It. I.K1)YARI>, 

i'rcs't ami Cvu'i Manage 



\\ . K. HUSKNHARK, 

EasCn /'ass^r Ajc't, Bnjfah. 



O. \V. KlliGLES, 

Oi'ni PasA^r ami Ticktt A^i^'t, C/iivn^y. 



ESTABLISHBD 1862. 

JiicorpontteJ iiihh-r Clui iter from Massacliiisctts in i^'S2. Capital Stock, $^oo,000 — all paid in. 

HOLLINGSWORTH AND ^ 



MANUFACTURE1«.AND.DKALKRS.IN 



Whitney Co. 

rnapilla- Daper- a^d- Daper- l^^^s 

34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 Federal Street, 

131, 133, 135, 137 and 139 Congress Street, 

^ ^ ^ ^ BOSTON, MASS. 



PROPRIETORS OK 

MILLS, South Brain- 



PEQUOSSETTE NULLS, Watertown, 1» TONATTAQUOT 

Mass. make seven tons roll Manilla \/I ikee, .mass, ma 

DAILY. . . . ... Nil. LA DAILY. . 



KE SIX TONS NO. 1 MA- 



^--h + i- + + + + 



AROOSTOOK MILLS, Ga rdin er, Maine. /"^ol'.liOSSEE MILLS, Gardiner, Maine. 

MAKE FIVE TONS N'H. I MANILLA DAIL^■. I MAKE FOUR TONS SHEET MANILLA DAILY. 



All; R TOWN I'AI'ER B.\G F.A.e- 

'I'ORN. MAKE ONE MILLION I'Al'KK I'.AUS 
IIAII.N. 

P" The Antique Paper used for the Cover of this Book was from our Establishment. 

W\] . .WAKI-. . A.SPECIAI lA . or. Al L . SORTS . OF . ODD . SHADES . OF . COVER . OR . WRAP- 
. PING . PAPER, . AND . MAKE . TO . ORDER . VARIOUS . KINDS . AND . QUALITIES. SAMPLES 
AND . PRICES . FURNISHED . ON . APPLICATION . TO . 

HOLLINGSWORTH & WHITNEY CO. 

CHAS. A. DE.L\, Viif-Prisi,i,iit ami i>tlliii!^^ Agent. BOSTON, M.ASS. 



DRY-GOODS AND CARPETS 



• • • • 



Adam, Mcldrum & Anderson 

• • • IMPORTERS, JOBBERS AND RETAILERS OF • • • 

Dress Goods. Ilousekcc/^iiii^ (loods, 

Si/ks and I 'chiefs. Cloths and Iduiiucls, 

Ihrss 'fi-iiiniiiiios, I hidc'/r/of/ii/io\ 

C/odks and S//a-a'/s, (i/ot'cs and I losici'w 

Handkerchiefs, White doods. 

Laces and R'ddwns, Linens and Cottons, 

Corsets and Skirts, Afns/in Undeiicear, 

Fans, Pai'asols, and Umbrellas. 

: C A R P B T s : 



Wii.TON :: MoouKTTK :: Axminstkr :: Hrl'ssI'Ils :: Ix(iRAiN 
OIL CLOTLI AND LINOLEUM. 



ACE CURTAINS; RAW SILK, JUTE AND PLl'SU WINDOW 
DRAPERIES AND I'ORTll'RS; WINDOW SHADl-S, CORNICES 



E 

AND UPH0LSI"I:RV llARDWARi:. 

: : : : WE : DEAL : I X : Til H : BEST : (il )()1)S : : : : 

.liid ScU //iciii at the Lcnvcst Prices, on a Oiic-Pricc System, for C. \SfI OXTA 

Adam, Meldrum & Anderson, 

396, 398, 400 and 402 Main Sired (American Block), BEMALO, X. \ 



^ 



International 



ESLEY PARK hagarapalls 

C[amp ground 



T 



HIS NKW CAMl' UKOU.NU A.\l) SUMMER RESORT, OPENED LAST 
YEAR SO AUSPICIOUSLY, HAS NOW BECOME A PERMANENT INSTI- 



1 r riON, BY THE PROCURING OF AN ACT OF INCORPOR A IION. 



yV/A OKCANJZATION /S IN NO SENSE A 

SPECULA 'J /ON. N^ STOCK' IS 10 HE 

JSSUEDV AND CONSEQ UEN TL 1 " .\'7' /)7r/ 
DENDS WILL BE DECiJa/^ED. .... 



rr is^ 



PROPOSED TO MAKE I HIS A GREAT 



C ENTER OF EVANGELICAL POWER, PRO - 

MO TING ESPECIALL K_ CHRISTIAN HOLI- 
NESS. MISSIONS, AND TEMPERANCE. . . 



+ 

© THE N^Tl ;k.\L F-OSIXION. © 

IN furtlieraiuL' of the ahuve dtsign, a beautiful and eligible site has been selected ; it en\liraces now 
about two hundred acres. A considerable portion of the oround is covered with large trees in 
unusual variety. It is one of the highest points of land in the vicinity of the Falls, drainage e.xcellent, 
jiure water in abundance, and a magnificent view of the Falls. The grounds are situated on the 
Canada side, one-half luile below the Falls, extending back from the river nearl}- a mile, and with a 
river frontage of over half a mile. ............. 

HE grounds have been tastefully laid out in parks, avenues and lots. The lots are mostly 50.x loo 
feet, and may be obtained on perpetual lease, as at Chautauqua, Ocean drove and Grimsby Park. 



T 



© EX'rK.\C)KL)lX.\RY PROORESS. * 

THK success which has already crowned this undertaking is certainly remarkable. Already nearly 
two hunilred and fifty lots have been .sold on the llrst purchase, which renders the enterprise an 
assured success. ................. 

■> xi^w 1 'Roi 'Oisrnox. ® 

TllF speedy sale of so many lots umirr the first call rendered it necessary for the .Association at 
once to purchase an addition. il one liuntlred acres. It is now proposed to offer a limited number 
of lots on the new purchase at the low price of $100. Some of the lots first reserved have already 
been sold at $200. Others may be secured at prices varying from $200 to $500, accortling to location. 
Persons desiring to subscribe for one or more t)f the lots now offered at $100 may communicate with 

RE\'. \VM. 1!. (A'^WOWA. Piu-siJcnt of Association, 

Nl.\G.^RA F.\LLS, ON'IAKK). 

Rev. N. Burns, Ontario, V. Pics' t. Rkv. G. A. Mitchell, Ontario, Secretary. 

Rev. S. Mc(;erai,I), /'. Prcs't, N. Y. Z. 11 Fkwis, Esq., Ontario, Treasurer. 



Qalei^dar • of • /T\eetir)(^s • for • 1885. # 

TEMPERANCE CONVENTION, JULY 14 — 25. . . ^ HOLINESS ASSOCIATION MEETINGS, AUG. 8 17. . 

missionary CONFERENCE, JULY 28 — AUG. 7. . T INTERNATIONAL CAMP MEETING, AUO. 1 7 — ,51. 



^ WORLD'S ^ PRIZE ^ MEDALS » 



AWARD KD 



Jp'ease s Improved 






■ .IS 77//: ■ 
/>7-:s/' A/.l/Ui. 

■ ■ LONDON, 1862. 

■ ■ • PARIS, 1867. ■ 

■ ■ VIENNA, 1873. 

■ ■ SANTIAGO, 1875. 

■ CENTENNIAL, 1876. 
• • ■ PARIS, 1878. 



••:• Railroad Oils 



^ 



Decoration Gra.nu Gold Cross IIumik, 




■ ■ NEW-YORK, 1878. • ■ 

■ BALTIMORE, 1878.- • 

• ■ CHICAGO, 1878. • • 

• • SIDNEY, 1879. ■ • 
MELBOURNE, 1880. 

RAILWAY EXPOSITION, 1883. 



Only Gdi.u Medai. to the United .States — 



Vienna, 1873. 



Class 47, Paris. 187S. 



Gold Medal of I'kocress— Gni.n Medal United States. 

.\I1 the Medals for \W^i Railway Oils at Railway l^xixisiiimi, ("liica.iio, 1883- 



Standard Oils of the World 

S /-VM' IAlU</C.l/'/N(/ ./.\7> //JA\\/INAT/XG. © 
Ks'rAi;Ms,HKn lS-40. 

IMPORTER, WHOLESALE DEALER AND MANU- 



F. S. PEASE, P 



FACTURER OF OIL. • • • " 1 
65 AND 67 M.\IN ST., AM) 82, 84 AN'i) 86 W.\ S 1 11 M TI'O N ST., 



BUKKALO, N. V. 



Q B. COTTRELL & SONS nf,\\;series . 
i^nverv. X^'^'O-REYOLUTION PRESS 



From Del 




THE above engraving represents our new series of Two-Revolution Presses. This machine has been entirely 
reconstructed and strengthened throughout, and many of the mechanical arrangements greatly simplified. The 
reconstruction has been rendered desirable because of our many improvements that have been placed in the best 
possible positions for convenience in working, and at the same time present an artistic design as a whole. .... 

THE frame is plain and simple in design, cast smooth inside and out, without flanges, and of sufficient weight to sustain 
the working parts without vibration. The bed runs in four tracks, upon hardened steel rollers, each track is supported 
underneath the impression by standards from the girt, which is cast in the solid bed-plate. The heaviest impressions in cut- 
forms can be worked without possibility of springing in the tracks or bed, saving time in making ready. The gearing is 
accurately cut, insuring perfect register. ................ 

IN addition to our Patent Air Springs, Governor .Attachment, Hinged Roller Frames, and other improvements so familiar 
to the trade, we have lately introduced our P.\tent Front Delivery, which dispenses with the fly and all tapes, taking 
the printed sheet from the cylinder by grippers, conveying it rapidly through the air, and depositing it on the pile table 
face side up over the fountain, without smut or offset. The sheet is under the eye of the pressman, who can regulate the 
color and watch its effect, without moving from his position by the fountain. The sheets being floated through the air and 
deposited on the pile table by their own weight, sufficient air remains under them to dry the ink. rendering slip sheets 
unnecessary. 

THE whole delivery is placed high enough above the bed to admit of the convenient handling of the forms and rollers 
from either side of the press. The forms can be placed and handled from the rear of the press. The feed board is 
so constructed and so hinged that it can be lifted entirely away from the cylinder, giving the pressman free access to the 
whole printing surface, lengthwise and circular, for making ready. ........... 

THE Press has a Power B.icking-up Motion and Trip, enabling the operator to throw off the impression at will, and to 
roll the form any number of times. We build this machine with the Fly and Wheel Delivery at the rear of press in 
place of the Front Delivery when desired. ................ 

• • • 
77/i' ii/nnif Press ivas awardcit a Gold Mt'dal at llu: World's Iitdiistrhxl Exposition al .AV'Ti' Or/cons. 



Buffalo 






Express 




JE'sfaftiisAed ;84e. J. N. MATTHEWS, Editor and Proprietor. 

'DAILY • ■ SUNDAY • • WEEKLY, 
Office, 179—181 Washington Street. 



THE LARGEST, BEST AND CHEAPEST REPUBLICAN 
NEWSPAPER IN WESTERN NEW-YORK. 

Single Copies Three Cents. 

r^ R'ES all the news received from every part of the 
world up to half-past three o'clock in the moraing 
every day in the year. Delivered to subscribers in the 
city or sent by mail, prepaid, to any post-office in the 
United States or Canada, at the following rates : 

DAILY, with Sunday, per year »9 00 

DAILY, with Sunday, six months 4 50 

DAILY, with Sunday, three months 2 25 

DAIIA', without Sunday, per year 7 00 

DAILY, without Sunday, six months 3 50 

DAILY, without Sunday, three months I 75 

DAILY', without Simday, one month O 60 

SUNDAY' KXPKESS, per year 3 50 



New Issue, 1878. 



WEEKLY EXPRESS, per year 1 00 



All communications of whatever nature, intended for 
these papers, should be addressed to 

J. N. MATTHEWS, 
Editor and Proprietor, Buffalo, N. Y. 



Matthews ■ Northrup • & • Co • 

• • ART-PRINTING • WORKS • • 



Office with the "Buffalo Morning Express" as above. 



\A/OOD ENGRAVING — Fine Landscape Cuts 
from our own designs for Guide Books, Illustra- 
tions of Buildings of all kinds, Mechanical Cuts of 
every description for Catalogues. 



DELIEF-LINE ENGRAVING —Maps in one or 
more colors for Geographies, Histories, etc., Rail- 
road Folder and Wall Maps, Diagrams, Outline Illus- 
trations, Charts, Plans, etc. 



ILLUMINATED WORK — Book Covers for Fine 
Illustrated Catalogues, Show Cards, Posters, Hang- 
ers, Bird's-eye Maps, Calendars, etc., Relief-Color 
Plates by every approved process. 



piIOTO-RELIEF ENGR.WIXG — Artistic Inte- 
riors from Special Designs, Cuts of Buildings, 
Machinery Reproductions. We send our Photographer 
to take Views, and an Artist to Sketch, if desired. 



pi.ACK' LETTER-PRE.SS — Illustrated Guide- 
Books, Catalogues and Circulars, Folders, Time- 
tables and all Railroad Printed Supplies. Commercial 
Work and Blanks of all kinds. 



r^OLORED LETTER-PRESS — Show Cards, Wall 
Maps, Hangers and Posters, Illuminated Covers, 
Calendars and Advertising Novelties, Colored Press 
Work for Geographies and other large publications. • 



DINDIXG — Cloth and Leather Work from Original 
Designs, Map-Mounting, Fine Blank-Books, Com- 
mercial Work. Our Bindery is fully equipped for 
largest orders in every branch. 



P LECTROTVPING — We have every facility on our 
own premises for furnishing Plates of all descrip- 
tions for our own work or for the Trade. Lowest 
Prices for Best Work. 



TH tt 



WONDERS OF NIAGARA 

-::■:- ARE KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD ^ 

But at tilt jirt-seiit time they are not much better known than are the merits of the 

• . • HARDBN • • • 

"Star" Hand Grenades 

THE HISTORY AND SUCCESS OF WHICH HAVE BEEN UNPARALLELED AS THE 
GREATEST EXTINGUISHER OF INCIPIENT FIRES EVER DISCOVERED. 







^/'TD Qr\f\ A PTTT A T TTTDTTC ^'^^'^ i^^*^" extinguished with th 

VUlA OUU ALIUAL rlr\110 Harden Star Hani. Grfnad 
FiRK Extinguisher in the United States alone during the past eighteen months. 



They are Always Readv ! 
Always Efficient! 

NEVER CAN GET OUT 
OF ORDER. 




Never will Freeze ! 
Always Safe ! 

CAN BE USED BY MAN, 
WOMAN OR CHILD. 



THEY PUT OUT FIRE INSTANTLY! 



THESE are the original Hand Grenade Fire Extinguishers that have the official endorsement of, 
and that have been adopted by, the U. S. Government at Washington for its various branches, 
including the U. S. Capitol, Treasury, State Department, Interior Buildings, etc., etc. • 

THESE Grenades have also the recommendation of Fire Marshals, Fire Insurance Companies and 
business men generally, nt)t only in this country, but in England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, 
Sweden, Belgium, South America, Australia, China, Japan and the Sandwich Islands. .... 

O HOME, HOTEL, STOKE, FACTORY, PUBLIC BUILDING, RAILROAD OR VESSEL IS COM- 
PLETE UNLESS EQUIPPED WITH THIS GREAT PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE. ■ 



N 



'END FOR PAMPHLET CONTAINING ABUNDANT PROOFS REGARDING THESE GRENADES. THEV ARE 
) • so CHEAP THAT ANYONE CAN AFFORD TO BUY THEM. 



MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE 



HARDEN HAND GRENADE EIRE EXTINGUISHER GO. 



MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY: 51 AND 53 DEARBORN ST. 



CHICAGO. 



.\eiv-Yo>k Office : S4 //'. Broadii'ay. 
K 1', I'ATTISON, I'REsinEST. 



Boston Office : 10 Oliver St. 



San Francisco Office : /c» am/ jS .Secontt .St. 

CHAS. H. RdYCK, Secretakv. 



Messrs. Peter Paul & Bro. • 

:-: 363 MAIN ST. AND 362 WASHINGTON ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 

• Pziblisliers, Printers, Booksellers and Stationers. ■ 



MISCELLANEO US BOOKS • • • 

^=^ Jext • Bool^3, — 

• CHILDREN'S BOOKS in endless variety. 



THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN 



B 



OOKS IN Fine Bindikgs and Elegant Editions 
A Specialty. 



CNGRAViNO OF Visiting Cards, Wedding 

Invitations, Crests, Seals, Monograms, 

Etc., Executed in the best style. ■ • • 

• /Bbemi anO Dinner GarOe • 



We have the largest stock of books in Western New-York. 
The new books are received as soon as issued. . • . • 



Mercantile Stationery of Every Description. 



CATALOGUES SENT TO ANY ADDRESS. 



SPECIAL AGENTS FOR THE 

'Caligraph " Writing Machine— "-^'' stamh at the Head.'' 

~ ''SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS. 



A FINE LINE OF PHOrOGR.APH ALBUMS, POCKET BOOKS, COIN BOOKS AND FANCY GOODS. 

■ ■ PHOTOGRAPHIC -VIEWS OF -NIAGARA -FALLS -AND -BUFFALO. - - 




mH IS book is printed with our 
"Imperial Woodcut 
M A ROD N," a color combin- 
ing the working qualities 
and intensity of the very finest 
Wood-cut Black with its own beau- 
tiful tone. We make a specialty of 
furnishing Inks for the finest and 
most particular works, as well as all 
standard grades of black and colors 
for printers and lithographers. Re- 
fer by permission to the printers of 
this work, Messrs. Matthews, North- 
rup & Co., and to Messrs. Cosack 
& Co., Lithographers, of this city. 
We shall be pleased to mail samples 
and quotations on application. 



TKAIIK .MARK 



P uFFALO P rinting |nk W/oR!S§ 



42 EXCHANGE ST. 

BUKKALO. 



MATTHEW5-N0RTHRUP-6>-C5 

•BUFFALO-NY 




ARTISTlCts^ 
ENQRAVINO- 

PRINTINQ-^ 
•BlNDlNCi-^ 




* + ***♦**♦*** ■»*■!■■»*■» ■»**** 



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VER Y ■ DEP AR TMENT ■ IN ■ FULL 
RUNNING • ORDER ■ AGAIN — 



WITH ■ UNSURPASSED • FACILITIES 



INCREASED ■ AND ■ IMPROVED ■ ■ 







•fiE-Lf\I^QE5T'll0TEL-5-NlAC|AR/\- 
ta^ilt er^iirely o/Jtor\e witK /pd^cjou/ 
poonrvj.KiyK ceilir^j perfectly ver\- 
ti lasted , Ar\d fTr e-ppoof . ^ jr>->^> 

JS^arfy of^ it; roonv corT\rT\Ekr\d a.r\ 
eKtei\/ivc view of tl^e-R-Apib/'Or- 
NlAQAR^N- .t ^C .1* ^.. .♦, J,-. 

|JK« Ain\of tK^ fi\t>x\^^r \j to per\<Jei" 
tK^ td^ble viryurpe^/jed in l\axupy, 
dnd cTiyle, W to rnajnt^^irx dt'A\oD- 
EKATtL-PRlCEJ-in re/peet to Quiet* 
•ElEQANeE-^n^ CoAroRT-the|ir/l: 

J3p^<?i^l 1nciueerr\er\t/ t^ [Sj^il \y 
'^ d ^ rirv^ to remdirx t KeyurY\iT\^r • 

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37 



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